Is CVE-2023-41991 being actively exploited?

Yes. CVE-2023-41991 is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, added on September 25, 2023.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2023-41991?

CVE-2023-41991 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.5 (MEDIUM).

CVE-2023-41991

MEDIUM · CVSS 5.5CISA KEV: actively exploitedEPSS 13.4%EU EUVD: exploited

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

Key facts

CVSS score: 5.5 (v3.1)
Severity: MEDIUM
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Weakness (CWE): CWE-295
EPSS score: 13.4% (96th percentile)
In CISA KEV: Yes, added September 25, 2023
In EU EUVD: Yes (EUVD-2023-46450)
Published: September 21, 2023
NVD last modified: June 17, 2026
Status: Analyzed

CISA Known Exploited Vulnerability

Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability

Added to the KEV catalog on September 25, 2023; federal remediation due October 16, 2023.

EU Vulnerability Database (EUVD)

This vulnerability is also tracked by ENISA as EUVD-2023-46450 in the EU Vulnerability Database. ENISA flags it as known exploited. Last updated in EUVD on November 4, 2025.

View on the EU Vulnerability Database

Affected products

apple / ipados
apple / ipados
apple / iphone os
apple / iphone os
apple / macos

Certified products that may be affected

15 FIPS 140 or Common Criteria certified products, from automated matching by sec-certs.org.

Apple iPadOS 17: iPad - Apple Inc. - Common Criteria CCEVS-VR-VID-11447-2025 - active
Strong Customer Authentication for Apple Pay, on MacBook Air 2022 with M2 running macOS Ventura 13.3.1 - Apple Inc. - Common Criteria 2023-9-INF-4307 - active
Strong Customer Authentication for Apple Pay on iPhone 14 Pro with A16 Bionic running iOS 16.4.1Version iOS 16.4.1 (build 20E252) ( ANSSI-CC-2023/59) - Apple Inc. - Common Criteria ANSSI-CC-2023/59 - active
Strong Customer Authentication for Apple Pay on Mac mini with M2 and Magic keyboard with Touch ID, running macOS Ventura 13.3.1 , macOS Ventura 13.3.1 (build 22E261) ( ANSSI-CC-2023/61) - Apple Inc. - Common Criteria ANSSI-CC-2023/61 - active
Strong Customer Authentication for Apple Pay on iPhone SE (3rd generation) with A15 Bionic running iOS 16.4.1iOS 16.4.1 (build 20E252) (ANSSI-CC-2023/58) - Apple Inc. - Common Criteria ANSSI-CC-2023/58 - active

See all 15 in the Security Certifications Explorer.

References

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927(Vendor Advisory)
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931(Vendor Advisory)
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927(Vendor Advisory)
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931(Vendor Advisory)
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991(US Government Resource)

Last updated September 17, 2026 · Source: NVD, CISA KEV, FIRST.org EPSS

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